Myths and Legends of China

by E. T. C. Werner
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XII. The Guardian of the Gate of Heaven
XIII. A Battle of the Gods
XIV. How the Monkey Became a God
XV. Fox Legends
XVI. Miscellaneous Legends
The Pronunciation of Chinese Words





_Mais cet Orient, cette Asie, quelles en sont, enfin, les frontieres
reelles?... Ces frontieres sont d'une nettete qui ne permet aucune
erreur. L'Asie est la ou cesse la vulgarite, ou nait la dignite,
et ou commence l'elegance intellectuelle. Et l'Orient est la ou sont
les sources debordantes de poesie._

_Mardrus_,
_La Reine de Saba_





CHAPTER I

The Sociology of the Chinese


Racial Origin

In spite of much research and conjecture, the origin of the Chinese
people remains undetermined. We do not know who they were nor whence
they came. Such evidence as there is points to their immigration
from elsewhere; the Chinese themselves have a tradition of a Western
origin. The first picture we have of their actual history shows us, not
a people behaving as if long settled in a land which was their home and
that of their forefathers, but an alien race fighting with wild beasts,
clearing dense forests, and driving back the aboriginal inhabitants.

Setting aside several theories (including the one that the Chinese
are autochthonous and their civilization indigenous) now regarded
by the best authorities as untenable, the researches of sinologists
seem to indicate an origin (1) in early Akkadia; or (2) in Khotan,
the Tarim valley (generally what is now known as Eastern Turkestan),
or the K'un-lun Mountains (concerning which more presently). The
second hypothesis may relate only to a sojourn of longer or shorter
duration on the way from Akkadia to the ultimate settlement in China,
especially since the Khotan civilization has been shown to have
been imported from the Punjab in the third century B.C. The fact

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